Ibn al-Baytar was interested in studying plants from a young age, and his most important achievement in pharmacology was linking the medicine to the organ it treats in the body.

Ziryab established the first music school in Europe, introduced behaviors that laid the foundation for refined taste, and was the first to create hairstyles.

Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad established the science of prosody and compiled the first dictionary that examines the root of words. He was the teacher of Sibawayh, and both of them established the science of grammar.

He believed that mathematics was fundamental to philosophy and logic, and he introduced equations into the sciences of chemistry, astronomy, medicine, and others... He was Al-Kindi.

Ibn al-Awwam authored an encyclopedia on agriculture, agricultural theories and their applications, the influence of which extended for centuries.

He contributed early achievements to mechanics and physics, achievements upon which the West relied in inventing the barometer, pumps, water-lifting machines, and more... He is Al-Khazini.

He drew a geographical, political, and social map of the Islamic world after a journey that lasted 27 years... He is Ibn Battuta.

Ibn al-Shatir was the first to develop the solar system and the first maker of a mechanical wall clock. Here is the evidence for that.

The first person to draw a map of the Earth on a sphere, determine lines of longitude, and identify areas of population density for societies... Al-Sharif Al-Idrisi

Abu Bakr al-Razi worked in music and philosophy, but a chance encounter led him to become one of the greatest physicians in the world, even to this day.